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La higiene oral y los efectos de la terapia periodontal mecánica
Resumen
Introducción: Las enfermedades periodontales junto con la caries dental son las patologÃas más frecuentes que afectan los dientes y tejidos circundantes. El principal agente etiológico es el acúmulo de biopelÃcula dental bacteriana ya sea en las fosas y fisuras de los dientes como en el surco gingival.
Objetivo: La presente revisión narrativa tuvo por objetivo sintetizar los resultados de la terapia mecánica sobre la higiene oral al ser indicadas en pacientes con diagnóstico de periodontitis.
Material y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo que se basó en una revisión crÃtica de las publicaciones relacionadas a la terapia periodontal mecánica en las bases de datos: Scopus, SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online), MEDLINE (Pubmed), ScienceDirect asà como el buscador Google académico. En cada base de datos se realizó una búsqueda libre de la información con un lÃmite de 10 años de antigüedad de las fuentes de información para analizar tanto fuentes antiguas como actuales.
Resultados: De una búsqueda inicial de 678 artÃculos se incluyeron 52 estudios que compararon técnicas de higiene oral, asà como revisiones sistemáticas que sintetizaron el efecto de la terapia mecánica periodontal.
Conclusiones: El tratamiento periodontal debe ser considerado la terapia inicial para la periodontitis, debe incluir instrucción en técnicas de higiene para el control de la biopelÃcula dental y el debridamiento mecánico de las zonas afectadas. No se ha demostrado que una técnica de cepillado manual especÃfica sea superior a otras, por tanto, se deberÃa aplicar aquella que mejor pueda manejar el paciente. No se encontró evidencia que demuestre que el uso del hilo dental disminuya eficientemente los Ãndices de biopelÃcula dental y parámetros gingivales debido a la dificultad por parte del paciente para emplear adecuadamente la técnica.
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Referencias
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