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Efectividad de los suplementos antioxidantes en la mejoría del desempeño físico atlético. Artículo de revisión
Resumen
Introducción: En la actualidad se ha incrementado el uso de antioxidantes en el ámbito deportivo, sin embargo no existe evidencia concluyente del efecto de estas sustancias en la mejora del desempeño físico de los atletas.
Objetivo: Determinar la efectividad del uso de suplementos antioxidantes en la mejoría del desempeño físico atlético.
Material y Métodos: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica en bases de datos en línea como Pubmed, Scopus, la Web of Knowledge y el buscador google academic. Se incluyeron solo trabajos originales de estudios doble ciego relacionados con la intervención de un suplemento antioxidante. El periodo de revisión fue del 2009 a diciembre del 2017.
Desarrollo: Se identificaron un total de 1053 artículos de los cuales 33 cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión de la revisión. De acuerdo con el tipo de suplemento, 2 correspondieron a vitaminas, 9 a polifenoles, 11 comerciales y los 9 restantes diversos. La antigüedad de los artículos analizados fue de 4,8 ± 2,4 años, en cuanto a la obsolescencia, determinado por el semiperiodo de Burton y Kleber y el índice de Price, fue 5,5 y 61,0% respectivamente.
Conclusiones: Hasta el momento no existe evidencia sólida de que la ingesta de suplementos antioxidantes mejore el desempeño físico atlético. Son pocos los resultados positivos en alguna de las variables evaluadas, por tal motivo se requiere de mayor evidencia para poder dilucidar el efecto de los suplementos antioxidantes.
Palabras clave: Elementos de respuesta antioxidante, Sistema Antioxidante Total, Rendimiento atlético, antioxidantes endógenos, Rendimiento deportivo.
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Referencias
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