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Acortamiento de telómeros en enfermedades neurodegenerativas: implicaciones terapéuticas
Resumen
Introducción: Varias enfermedades neurodegenerativas están asociadas a la ocurrencia de acortamiento de los telómeros, convirtiéndolos en biomarcadores y dianas terapéuticas potenciales.
Objetivo: Reflejar la relevancia del acortamiento de los telómeros para enfermedades neurodegenerativas, destacando sus implicaciones terapéuticas.
Materiales y métodos: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica durante los meses de septiembre de 2019 a enero de 2020. Fueron consultadas bases de datos de referencia, con el uso de descriptores y operadores booleanos. La estrategia de búsqueda avanzada para la selección de los artículos fue empleada, teniendo en cuenta la calidad metodológica o validez de los estudios.
Desarrollo: Fueron identificadas evidencias sólidas de asociación entre el acortamiento de los telómeros y las enfermedades de Alzheimer y Huntington, sugiriendo un rol relevante de la biología de los telómeros en la fisiopatología de estas enfermedades. Las evidencias disponibles hasta el momento no permiten establecer la relevancia de la biología de los telómeros en la fisiopatología de la enfermedad de Parkinson o de la Esclerosis Amiotrófica Lateral. Se obtuvieron evidencias de la utilidad de terapias orientadas a la prevención del acortamiento de los telómeros para el tratamiento de enfermedades neurodegenerativas.
Conclusiones: Aun cuando existen evidencias que demuestran un vínculo entre el acortamiento de los telómeros y enfermedades neurodegenerativas, es necesario realizar estudios adicionales para profundizar en los mecanismos moleculares implicados y en su significación clínica, y acelerar la traducción de los resultados experimentales al contexto clínico.
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Referencias
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