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Riesgos ergonómicos en la práctica laboral de los odontólogos
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Introducción: La odontologÃa es una rama de la salud que requiere
por parte de sus profesionales, un gran esfuerzo fÃsico y mental, debido
a los largos periodos de trabajo y el nivel de complejidad de la actividad,
por lo que resulta importante tener en cuenta una adecuada posición
durante el trabajo dental, para prevenir afecciones relacionadas con la
postura y los trastornos musculoesqueléticos.
Objetivo: Sistematizar sobre los riesgos ergonómicos que presentan
los profesionales de la odontologÃa en su práctica laboral.
Material y Métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática siguiendo
las recomendaciones PRISMA. La búsqueda de información se realizó
en las bases de datos PubMed/Medline y SciELO Regional, asà como en
los sitios de búsqueda de la Editorial Elsevier y el buscador académico
Google Scholar entre los meses de junio y noviembre de 2023.
Resultados: El año 2020 es el que más publicaciones hubo, pero se
mantiene una tendencia con relativa estabilidad en los años restantes;
el año 2018 fue el de mayor promedio de conteo de citas con 11,8,
siendo los años 2021 y 2023 los de menor promedio de citas con 1,7 y
1,0 respectivamente; la odontologÃa general fue la única área temática
representada en todas las fuentes.
Conclusiones: Los profesionales odontológicos están expuestos
a riesgos laborales de tipo ergonómico que pueden causar trastornos
musculoesqueléticos y otros problemas de salud debido a posturas
incómodas, movimientos repetitivos, largas jornadas de trabajo,
esfuerzos intensos, tareas monótonas, agarre firme de herramientas y
exposición prolongada a vibraciones.
Palabras clave
Referencias
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