Modelo integrativo para la evaluación biopsicosocial en oncología pediátrica

Olimpia Petzold, Darius Razavi

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Introducción: Construir un modelo de atención que nazca desde la perspectiva del paciente oncológico pediátrico es fundamental para atender eficazmente sus necesidades. Los estándares de atención psicosociooncológica pediátrica son planteadas en su mayoría desde el proveedor médico y los familiares del niño. Se resalta la necesidad de crear un modelo holístico de evaluación que nazca a partir del mismo paciente teniendo como punto central el uso del arte como una herramienta que facilite la expresión de su mundo interno.

Objetivo: Proponer un modelo integrativo para la evaluación biopsicosocial de los pacientes oncológicos pediátricos.

Material y Métodos: Diseño cualitativo de teoría fundamentada basado en el análisis de observaciones, entrevistas y proyectos de arte. El estudio inicial incluyó a veinte niños de 6 a 17 años diagnosticados con cáncer del Hospital de Especialidades Pediátricas de Maracaibo, Venezuela.

Resultados: Se propone un modelo integrativo para la evaluación biopsicosocial que consta de seis dimensiones: física, cognitiva, emocional, conductual, familiar y social, representadas con círculos concéntricos e interactivos. Este modelo describe los factores que promueven el bienestar y la salud, así como los obstáculos que los impiden en pacientes oncológicos pediátricos.

Conclusiones: Este modelo establece un marco fundamental para que los centros oncológicos delimiten los componentes esenciales del cuidado psicosocial integral desde la perspectiva de los pacientes pediátricos.

Palabras clave

oncología pediátrica, modelo integrativo, biopsicosocial, evaluación, arte.

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