El extracto de hoja de maqui presenta actividad bactericida frente a Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Palabras clave:
Enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos; gastroenteritis; productos del mar; cambio climático; resistencia antimicrobiana; Vibrio parahaemolyticus; Aristotelia chilensis; moluscosResumen
Introducción: Vibrio parahaemolyticus es la principal causa de gastroenteritis transmitida por mariscos, especialmente en zonas costeras con alto consumo de moluscos crudos. En regiones tropicales y subtropicales, como el Caribe, el cambio climático, las variaciones de salinidad y la resistencia antimicrobiana han intensificado los riesgos para la salud pública. En este contexto, los antimicrobianos naturales derivados de subproductos agrícolas surgen como alternativas sostenibles, de bajo costo y ambientalmente responsables.
Objetivo: Evaluar la actividad antimicrobiana de los extractos de hojas de Aristotelia chilensis (Molina) Stuntz (Maqui) frente a cepas clínicas y ambientales de V. parahaemolyticus, y explorar su potencial aplicación en estrategias de inocuidad alimentaria.
Material y Métodos: Se obtuvieron extractos crudos de hojas, raíces y tallos de Maqui mediante extracción por metanol y etanol. La actividad antimicrobiana se evaluó frente a cepas citotóxicas y aislados ambientales resistentes a kanamicina o cloranfenicol, determinando la concentración mínima inhibitoria (CMI) y la concentración mínima bactericida (CMB) mediante ensayos de microdilución.
Resultados: El extracto etanólico mostró la mayor actividad antimicrobiana, inhibiendo el crecimiento de cepas clínicas citotóxicas y aislados resistentes. Para la cepa clínica VpKX se determinó una CMI de 0,056 mg/mL y una CMB de 0,1125 mg/mL, confirmando un efecto bactericida.
Conclusiones: Las hojas de Maqui representan una fuente prometedora de compuestos antimicrobianos naturales eficaces contra V. parahaemolyticus, incluidas cepas resistentes a antibióticos. Su valorización como subproducto vegetal contribuye al desarrollo sostenible y, tras validación en matrices alimentarias, podría aplicarse para mejorar la inocuidad en regiones costeras del Caribe.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Nicolas Plaza, Camila Manzano, Sebastián Ramírez-Araya, Constanza Griffiths-Sanhueza, Ítalo Urrutia, Diliana Pérez-Reytor, Gino Corsini, Marcelo Ortega, Talía del Pozo, Leonardo Pávez, Katherine García
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