Hemorragia retroperitoneal espontánea por rotura de angiomiolipoma renal. Presentación de caso

Tomas Lazaro Rodriguez Collar, Alfonso José Pérez Espinosa, María Luisa García Gómez

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Introducción: El angiomiolipoma renal es un tumor benigno y poco común que, al romperse, origina hemorragia retroperitoneal que puede poner en riesgo la vida. Objetivos: Presentar un nuevo caso de hemorragia retroperitoneal por rotura espontánea de un angiomolipoma renal, con énfasis en los elementos del diagnóstico y la terapéutica. Presentación del caso: Paciente masculino de 53 años de edad, con antecedentes de crisis convulsivas desde la infancia e hipertensión arterial, quien asistió al Cuerpo de Guardia de la Clínica Multiperfil de Luanda, por dolor en el hemiabdomen derecho, vómitos y febrícula de dos días de evolución. Al examen físico, presentaba contractura abdominal en flanco y fosa ilíaca derechos y taquicardia. La analítica sanguínea reveló leucocitosis ligera, por lo que se sospechó abdomen agudo de origen inflamatorio visceral,  y se decidió realizar laparoscopía diagnóstica, en la que fue identificado un hematoma retroperitoneal extenso, con predominio hacia la derecha. Ante la estabilidad hemodinámica del paciente, se dispuso realizar tomografía axial computarizada abdominal contrastada, que evidenció una masa tumoral compleja en la cara anterior del riñón derecho, con discontinuidad de la corteza y colección hemática circundante. En la laparotomía de urgencia fue hallado un tumor renal derecho roto que precisó de la nefrectomía total. El paciente evolucionó satisfactoriamente. El informe histopatológico de la pieza quirúrgica fue angiomiolipoma renal roto. Conclusiones: Aunque es infrecuente, debe tenerse en cuenta la posibilidad del debut clínico de un angiomiolipoma renal roto, con hemorragia retroperitoneal, dentro de los diagnósticos diferenciales del abdomen agudo quirúrgico.

 Palabras claves: Riñón, angiomiolipoma renal roto, hemorragia retroperitoneal espontánea, abdomen agudo quirúrgico.

 

ABSTRACT

Introduction: The renal angiomyolipoma is a benign and rare tumor that when breaking, cause a retroperitoneal hemorrhage. Objective: To present a new case of spontaneous retroperitoneal hemorrhage due to renal angiomyolipoma rupture, with emphasis in the diagnostic elements and therapeutics. Case presentation: Male patient, 53 years old, with antecedents of convulsive crises since infancy and high blood pressure, that arrives to Luanda´s Multiprofile Clinic, showing pain in the right side of abdomen, vomits and low-grade fever of two days of evolution. On physical examination revealed abdominal contracture in rights flank and iliac fossa and tachycardia. Blood analysis revealed a light leucocytosis, and form that which was suspected an acute abdomen of inflammatory visceral origin, deciding a performance of a diagnostic laparoscopy, in which was identified an extensive retroperitoneal hematoma, with right side predominance. Taking in account the patient hemodynamic stability, was determinate to make an abdominal contrasted computerized axial tomography, which shows a complex tumoral mass in the anterior surface of the right kidney, with cortex discontinuity and hematic collection in the surrounding area. An urgency laparotomy was performed; was found a broken tumor in the renal right side that required a total nephrectomy without complications. The patient evolved satisfactorily. A broken renal angiomyolipoma was point by the histopathology report. Conclusions: Although it is infrequent, has to take into account the possibility of the clinical debut of a renal angiomyolipoma with retroperitoneal bleeding, as part of the differential diagnostics of the acute surgical abdomen.

 Keywords: Kidney, broken renal angiomyolipoma, spontaneous retroperitoneal hemorrhage, acute surgical abdomen.

Referencias

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