Implicaciones éticas de la identificación del potencial atlético infantil mediante pruebas genéticas
Palabras clave:
Análisis ético, rendimiento atlético, niño talentoso, marcadores genéticos, polimorfismo genéticoResumen
Introducción: La irrupción de la investigación genética en la esfera del deporte ha permitido la localización en el genoma de un considerable número de genes implicados en el rendimiento deportivo y, con ello, el desarrollo de tecnologías genéticas orientadas a la identificación del potencial atlético en niños, cuya aplicación, dada su relativa juventud, debe ser sometida al escrutinio de la comunidad científica desde el prisma de la ética.
Objetivo: Evaluar, desde una perspectiva ética, el uso de tecnologías genéticas en la identificación del potencial atlético en niños.
Material y métodos: Para la elaboración de la presente revisión, además de la consulta de publicaciones no seriadas, se efectuó una pesquisa en la base de datos Scopus.
Resultados: En la actualidad se conocen más de 200 marcadores genéticos relacionados con la predisposición para la aptitud física y al menos 120 vinculados directamente con el rendimiento atlético de élite, información que ha sido utilizada por numerosas compañías para desarrollar los llamados Tests Directos al Consumidor, que pretenden identificar el potencial atlético en niños a partir de su genotipo, sin necesidad de consultar a un especialista.
Conclusiones: El uso de tecnologías genéticas en la determinación del potencial atlético en niños no solo viola el espíritu del deporte, sino que también tiene el potencial de causar efectos nocivos en el individuo a nivel psicológico y social; razones por las que es éticamente inadmisible su uso en futuros atletas.
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