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Comorbilidades y gravedad clínica de la COVID-19: revisión sistemática y meta-análisis
Resumen
Introducción: La emergencia de la COVID-19 se ha convertido en un serio problema de salud a nivel mundial. La identificación de comorbilidades asociadas a la presentación clínica grave de la COVID-19, es de importancia para el adecuado abordaje terapéutico de los pacientes afectados.
Objetivo: Evaluar el riesgo de COVID-19 con presentación clínica grave en pacientes con comorbilidades.
Material y métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática y meta-análisis en bases de datos especializadas en busca de artículos publicados hasta el 20 de marzo de 2020, que aportaran información sobre la asociación entre la gravedad de la presentación clínica de la COVID-19 y comorbilidades. Se empleó la razón de probabilidades con un intervalo de confianza de 95 %, y modelos de efectos fijos o aleatorios.
Resultados: En el análisis fueron incluidos 13 estudios para un total de 99 817 pacientes. Se obtuvieron los efectos globales para la hipertensión arterial (RP: 4,05; IC 95 %: 3,45-4,74), enfermedad cardiovascular (RP: 4,39; IC 95 %: 3,29-5,87), Diabetes Mellitus (RP: 3,53; IC 95 %: 2,79-4,47), hábito de fumar (RP: 2,87; IC 95 %: 1,81-4,54), enfermedades respiratoria (RP: 2,73; IC 95 %: 2,55-2,94), renal (RP: 5,60; IC 95 %: 4,13-7,60) y hepática crónicas (RP: 1,98 (IC 95 %: 1,08-3,64) e inmunodeficiencias (RP: 2,90; IC 95 %: 2,06-4,09), en pacientes graves en comparación con pacientes no graves.
Conclusiones: La enfermedad renal crónica, la enfermedad cardiovascular, la hipertensión arterial y la Diabetes Mellitus están entre las comorbilidades que mayor riesgo implican para una presentación clínica grave en pacientes con COVID-19, seguidas en importancia por las inmunodeficiencias, hábito de fumar, enfermedad respiratoria crónica y enfermedad hepática crónica.Palabras clave
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