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Aplicaciones y efectividad de técnicas de inteligencia artificial y aprendizaje automático en la fisioterapia
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el aprendizaje automático (ML) y la fisioterapia son ámbitos en
constante evolución y avances notables en el diagnóstico, tratamiento y
seguimiento de pacientes.
Objetivo: Esta revisión sistemática (SLR) tiene como propósito
analizar exhaustivamente la literatura científica de los últimos 5 años
para identificar los avances y enfoques tecnológicos en tendencia en
los campos de la IA y la fisioterapia, recopilando información valiosa
para especialistas.
Material y Métodos: Se aplicó la metodología PRISMA para llevar
a cabo un análisis sistemático de 94 artículos que cumplían con los
criterios de inclusión y exclusión definidos por los autores y garantizar
la evaluación de la calidad según criterios preestablecidos.
Resultados: Países desarrollados lideran la investigación en el
campo, destacando la India como un actor relevante. Se identificaron
diversas técnicas, desde algoritmos básicos hasta aprendizaje
profundo, subrayando un progreso constante. La influencia de la IA y
ML se expande desde el diagnóstico radiológico hasta la simulación
de evaluaciones clínicas; aporta beneficios tanto en la eficacia clínica
como en aspectos socioeconómicos. La tecnología impulsa terapias
personalizadas y el monitoreo remoto, transformando la práctica
fisioterapéutica.
Conclusiones: Los resultados de esta revisión tienen implicaciones
significativas para la práctica y políticas en fisioterapia, enfatizando
la necesidad de una mayor investigación en países en desarrollo y la
implementación de enfoques tecnológicos avanzados.
Palabras clave
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