Experiencias familiares y sociales en niños y adolescentes con cáncer expresadas a través de sus dibujos
Palabras clave:
niños, adolescentes, dibujo, cáncer, familia, interacción social.Resumen
Introducción: La evaluación de las dimensiones familiar y social desde la perspectiva del paciente oncológico pediátrico posee desafíos, ya que los niños y adolescentes muchas veces no expresan verbalmente sus necesidades y experiencias relacionadas con la familia y las interacciones con los demás. El dibujo surge como un método valioso de evaluación psicológica, ofreciendo acceso al mundo interior de los pacientes de una manera amena y no amenazante.
Objetivo: Evaluar las experiencias familiares y sociales de niños y adolescentes con cáncer.
Material y Métodos: Se utilizó un diseño de investigación cualitativo con análisis de contenido inductivo. El estudio estuvo conformado por veinte pacientes de 6 a 17 años diagnosticados con cáncer del Hospital de Especialidades Pediátricas de Maracaibo, Venezuela. La recolección de datos incluyó dibujos, observaciones y entrevistas realizadas en tres sesiones individuales.
Resultados: Del análisis surgieron dos categorías principales: (1) Dimensión Familiar, que abarca aspectos de la dinámica familiar desde la perspectiva del paciente, las necesidades del paciente dentro del contexto familiar, las figuras significativas para el paciente y la percepción del paciente sobre las preocupaciones de sus padres; y (2) Dimensión Social, que comprende el aprecio de los pacientes hacia los profesionales de la salud y sus necesidades sociales, como el deseo de estar con los amigos, reanudar la vida cotidiana y alcanzar metas en la vida.
Conclusiones: El dibujo es una herramienta válida y eficaz para evaluar las interacciones y necesidades familiares y sociales en niños y adolescentes con cáncer.Descargas
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