Influencia de la hemodiálisis en los niveles del antígeno prostático específico

Tomas Lazaro Rodriguez Collar, Mayque Guzmán Cayado, René Rodríguez Batista, Yaneth Zamora González

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Introducción: Los síntomas de enfermedades prostáticas son mínimos o inexistentes, en los pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica en hemodiálisis. Objetivo: Determinar y comparar los niveles del antígeno prostático específico total, libre y el índice del libre de pacientes en hemodiálisis, con pacientes con función renal conservada. Material y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, prospectivo y comparativo en la Clínica Multiperfil de junio a noviembre de 2014. La muestra la conformaron 32 pacientes en hemodiálisis y 64 con función renal conservada. Las variables estudiadas fueron edad, antígeno prostático específico total, libre y porcentaje del libre, y hematocrito antes y después de una sesión de hemodiálisis. Para el análisis estadístico de los datos se utilizó el programa MEDCAL para Windows versión 9; y para comparar las medias se usó el test t de student. Se consideró un nivel de significación de p< 0,05. Resultados: En ambos grupos predominó el rango de edad entre 56 y 60 años. Las medias de antígeno prostático específico total fueron similares en ambos grupos antes (p= 0,87) y después de la hemodiálisis (p= 0,53). Las medias de antígeno prostático específico libre y su índice fueron significativamente mayores en los pacientes en hemodiálisis (p< 0,0001), así como la cuantía del hematocrito, luego del proceder dialítico (p= 0,0001). Conclusiones: Los valores del antígeno prostático específico libre y su índice, en pacientes angolanos con enfermedad renal crónica en hemodiálisis, son significativamente mayores que los de pacientes con función renal conservada, por lo que son necesarias otras investigaciones para descartar cáncer de próstata en  estos  pacientes.

Palabras clave: Enfermedad renal crónica, hemodiálisis, cáncer de próstata,  antígeno prostático específico, función renal conservada, hematocrito.

 

ABSTRACT

Introduction: The symptoms of prostatic diseases are minimum or non-existent, in the patients with chronic renal disease on hemodialysis. Objective: Determine and compare the levels of total, free and free index of prostatic specific antigen in patients under hemodialysis, with conserved renal function patients. Material and Methods: An observational, descriptive, prospective and comparative study in the Clinical Multiperfil from June to November of 2014 was made. The sample was conformed by 32 patients on hemodialysis and 64 with conserved renal function patients. The variables studied were: age, determination of the total, free and free percentage of the prostatic specific antigen, and hematocrit before and after one low flow membrane hemodialysis session. For the statistical analysis of the data employed the program MEDCAL for Windows version 9. To compare the averages we used the test t student and it was considered a level of significance of p< 0,05. Results: In both groups main age range was between 56 to 60 years old.  The figures of total prostatic specific antigen were similar in both groups (p= 0, 87) before and after hemodialysis (p= 0, 53). The values of the free prostatic specific antigen and his index, went significantly greater in the hemodialysis patients (p< 0, 0001). The hematocrit afterwards of the hemodialysis session was elevated in dialysis group (p= 0,0001). Conclusions: The values of the free prostatic specific antigen and his index, in Angolans patients with chronic renal disease on hemodialysis, are significantly greater that the ones of patients with conserved renal function, by what are necessary other investigations to rule out the cancer of prostate in these patients.

Keywords: Chronic renal disease, hemodialysis, cancer of prostate, prostatic specific antigen, conserved renal function, hematocrit.

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