Factors related to the low birth weight newborn in La Lisa municipality in the period of 2010-2014

Abstract

Introduction: low birth weight (LBW) has been considered as one of the most important cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality doing one of the indicator used to assess the results of prenatal health attention quality.
Objective: Identify the main risk factors of low birth weight and whether there was an association between the occurrence of low birth weight and Arterial Hypertension in the Municipality.
Material y Methods: a study of cases and controls was performed in the municipality La Lisa in the period from 2010 to 2014 in order to identify the main risk factors of low birth weight and whether there was an association between the occurrence of low birth weight and Arterial Hypertension in pregnant women living in the municipality who were treated at the Maternal University Hospital Eusebio Hernandez.  The universe consisted of a total of 423 infants underweight, the study group sample corresponded to 257 LBW and the control group was a simple random sample of 261 cases with a weight equal to or greater than 2500 gr. obtained from the same area of health, the study excluded those pregnant women whose delivery did not occur in the previous Hospital and who contributed twin pregnancies, the information was obtained through medical records from the Hospital. Data determined for each of the Relative Risk factors were analyzed.
Results: Risk factors that affected were: the presence of 2 or 3 pre-pregnancy abortions, pregnancy-associated diseases such as anemia, urinary Sepsis, Sepsis Vaginal, the significant association of the appearance of the underweight newborn were also demonstrated and also the hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.
Conclusions: the municipality to maintain the increase of low birth weight, risk factors that affected were: the anemia, the presence of 2 or 3 pre-pregnancy abortions, urinary and vaginal sepsis, and also hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.

Key words: low birth weight, newborn, risk factors, hypertension disorders, pregnancy.