Oral alterations associated with type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents. Institute of Endocrinology. 2014-2015

Abstract

Introduction: Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic systemic disease with repercussion at the oral level. Highly sustained blood glucose levels lead to decreased salivary flow, decreased peripheral vascular response, which contributes to the accumulation of bacterial plaque and tartar, to the development of caries, halitosis and periodontal disease.

Objective: To determine the association of oral disorders and type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in children and adolescents.
Material and Methods: An observational case-control study was conducted with a group of children and adolescents with type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (Group 1) aged 3 to 18 years and a group of children and adolescents without Diabetes Mellitus (Group 2) of comparable ages and sex.
Results: Patients with diabetes were more affected by xerostomia (37.8%), ulcers (55.6%) and periodontopathies (71.1%) than patients without diabetes. These results were statistically significant, unlike dental caries Behavior of oral hygiene where the differences were not statistically significant.
Conclusions: Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus is related to oral alterations, so diabetic children and adolescents present a greater frequency of periodontopathies, xerostomia and ulcers than children and adolescents without diabetes, thus not occurring with dental caries or oral hygiene.

Keywords: Diabetes type 1, oral alterations, children and adolescents.