Anatomo-clinical characterization of sinus elevations in implatologic patients

Abstract

Introduction:  Elevations of the maxillary sinus lead to anatomical modifications, which can influence on its function.
Objective: To characterize sinus elevations from the clinical and anatomical point of view, and comment on their impact on the success of positioned implants.
Material and Method: A descriptive prospective study was conducted in 56 patients who underwent sinus elevations with very well established inclusion criteria in" Raúl González Sánchez" Faculty of Odontology from January 2013 to January 2015.  Each patient was interviewed, and submitted to a clinical exam.  Also, an orthopantomography analysis was made before treatment, and 6, 12, 18, and 24 months after the intervention.   Variables such as age, sex, topographic distribution, implemented surgical technique, padding material, sinus height, bone level, and complications were analyzed.
Results:Female patients predominated (60,7%), aging from 30-39 years (60,7%).  The overall success rate at 2 years following implantation was 92,1 %.  The final reduction of average sinus height with the lateral window technique was the highest (10,1 mm).  The best relationship in terms of height and length of graft was obtained with beta-tricalcium phosphate (1,66). Membrane perforation smaller than 5mm was the most recorded intraoperative complication (28,6%).
Conclusions: The lateral window technique exhibits better results in the reduction of sinus height.  Padding with beta-tricalcium phosphate shows a better relationship in terms of height and length of graft. The results in height reduction are stable after 12 months, and sinus membrane perforation is the most common complication. 

Keywords: sinus elevation, anatomo-clinical complications, complications, sinus membrane.