Mortality due to ischemic heart, cerebrovascular and hypertensive diseases. Cuba 2011-2020
Keywords:
mortality rates, mortality, premature mortality, ischemic heart diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, hypertensive diseases.Abstract
Introduction: Non-communicable diseases have emerged as the main causes of death in the world, representing in 2019, 73.6 % of all deaths from all causes. In Cuba, 81.5 % of the total deaths from all causes were caused by these diseases. Premature mortality from cardiovascular diseases turned out to be 34.7 % of the total number of premature deaths globally.
Objective: To describe mortality from ischemic heart, cerebrovascular and hypertensive diseases in Cuba, in the 2011- 2020 decade.
Material and Methods: A descriptive longitudinal ecological study of annual mortality from ischemic heart, cerebrovascular and hypertensive diseases in Cuba was carried out in the 2011-2020 decade. Crude mortality rates for these diseases were taken into account. The statistical yearbooks published by the Directorate of Medical Records and Health Statistics of the Ministry of Public Health for those years were the source of information.
Results: The annual mortality rates from ischemic heart, cerebrovascular and hypertensive diseases in Cuba showed overall increasing trends in the 2011- 2020 decade, more pronounced in the case of hypertensive diseases. An increase in premature mortality rates from these diseases was observed.
Conclusions: Arterial hypertension constitutes a severe health problem in Cuba, both as a cause of death and as a risk factor attributable to mortality from ischemic heart and cerebrovascular diseases.
Downloads
References
1-World Health Organization: Global Health Estimates 2019: Deaths by Cause, Age, Sex, by Country and by Region, 2000-2019 [Internet]. Geneva: WHO; 2020 [cited 2022 Apr 23]. Available from:
2-Ministerio de Salud Pública. Dirección de Registros Médicos y Estadísticas de Salud. Anuario Estadístico de Salud 2020 [Internet]. La Habana: Dirección de Registros Médicos y Estadísticas de Salud; 2021 [Citado 17 Abr 2022]. Disponible en: https://temas.sld.cu/estadisticassalud/
3-Organización Mundial de la Salud. Las 10 principales causas de defunción[Internet]. Ginebra: OMS; 2020. [Citado 27 Abr 2022] Disponible en:
https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/the-top-10-causes-of-death
4-Organización Mundial de la Salud. Enfermedades no transmisibles [Internet]. Ginebra: OMS; 2021 [Citado 27 Abr 2022]. Disponible en:
https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/noncommunicable-diseases
5- Pan American Health Organization. Monitoring the premature mortality from the four major noncommunicable diseases (cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes mellitus, and chronic respiratory diseases) in the Region of the Americas, 2000-2019 [Internet]. Washington, D.C.: PAHO. 2021[cited 2022 Apr 23]. Available from: https://www.paho.org/en/noncommunicable-diseases-and-mental-health/enlace-data-portal-noncommunicable-diseases-mental/risk
6-Roth GA, Mensah GA, Johnson CO, Addolorato G, Ammirati E, Baddour LM, et al. Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases and Risk Factors, 1990–2019. J Am Coll Cardiol [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2022 Apr 23]; 76 (25): 2982- 3021. Available from: https://www.jacc.org/doi/pdf/10.1016/j.jacc.2020.11.010
7-World Health Organization. Leading causes of death and disability. A visual summary of global and regional trends 2000-2019 [Internet]. Geneva: WHO; 2020 [cited 2022 Apr 23]. Available from:
https://www.who.int/data/stories/leading-causes-of-death-and-disability-2000-2019-a-visual-summary
8-Organización Panamericana de la Salud. La carga de las enfermedades cardiovasculares en la Región de las Américas, 2000-2019 [Internet]. Portal de Datos de NMH. Washington, D.C.: OPS; 2021 [Citado 27 Abr 2022]. Disponible en:
9-GBD 2019 Risk Factors Collaborators. Global burden of 87 risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. The Lancet [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2022 Apr 30]; 396: 1223–49. Available from: https://www.thelancet.com/action/showPdf?pii=S0140-6736%2820%2930752-2
10-Whelton SP, McEvoy JW, Shaw L, Psaty BM, Lima JAC, Budoff M, et al. Association of Normal Systolic Blood Pressure Level With Cardiovascular Disease in the Absence of Risk Factors. JAMA Cardiol [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2022 Mar 30]; 5: 1011- 1018. Available from: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamacardiology/fullarticle/2766469
11- Organización Mundial de la Salud. Clasificación internacional de enfermedades y problemas relacionados con la salud, décima revisión (CIE-10) [Internet]. Ginebra: OMS; 1994 [citado 20 May. 2022]. Disponible en:
https://ais.paho.org/classifications/chapters/pdf/volume1.pdf
12- Organización Panamericana de la Salud. Portal de Datos sobre Enfermedades No Transmisibles, Salud Mental, y Causas Externas [Internet]. Washington, D.C.: OPS; 2022 [Citado 27 Abr 2022] Disponible en:
13- Hypertension. Key facts [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2022 Mar 30]. Available from:
https://www.who.int/news-room/factsheets/detail/hypertension
14-Comisión Nacional Técnica Asesora del Programa de Hipertensión Arterial. Ministerio de Salud Pública de Cuba. Hipertensión arterial. Guía para el diagnóstico, evaluación y tratamiento. La Habana: Editorial Ciencias Médicas, 2018. 103 p.
15-Sociedad Española de Cardiología. Coincidiendo con la pandemia, la mortalidad cardiovascular vuelve a crecer [Internet]. Notas de prensa. Sociedad Española de Cardiología; 2021[citado 12 Jun 2022]. Disponible en:
16-Así vamos en salud. Enfermedades Crónicas no Transmisibles. [Internet]. Bogotá; Marzo 2 de 2022 [citado 2 Jun 2022]. Disponible en:
17-American Heart Association. Actualización de estadísticas sobre enfermedades cardíacas y ataques o derrames cerebrales, año 2022 [Internet]. 2022 [citado 2 Jun 2022]. Disponible en:
18-Libby P. Patogenia, prevención y tratamiento de la ateroesclerosis. En: Longo DL, Fauci AS, Kasper DL, Hauser SL, Jameson JL, Loscalzo J, editores. Harrison. Principios de Medicina Interna. 18a ed. Vol 2. [Internet]. México: Mc Graw-Hill; 2012 [citado 12 Jun 2022]. p. 1983- 1992. Disponible en: http://booksmedicos.org
19-Cuba. Ministerio de Salud Pública. Departamento para el control de las enfermedades no trasmisibles. Estrategia nacional para la prevención y el control de las enfermedades no trasmisibles y sus factores de riesgo. Cuba 2020-2025 /Departamento para el control de las enfermedades no trasmisibles. La Habana: Editorial Ciencias Médicas, 2021. 60 p.
Download PDF
