Renal repercussion of low birth weight
Keywords:
Low birth weight, kidney, developmental programming, nephrons, nephrogenesis, kidney functionAbstract
Introduction: Developmental programming predisposes theindividual to suffer from diseases during adulthood. Low birth weight
(LBW) is one of the markers of the adverse intrauterine environment.
Studies indicate that adverse intrauterine and immediate postnatal
influences can generate structural and functional alterations in some
organs, which will manifest themselves in later stages of life. Among
these diseases is high blood pressure, in which the role of the kidney is
demonstrated.
Objective: To systematize studies that assess the changes that occur
in kidney morphology and function in individuals with low birth weight.
Material and Methods: A systematic review was carried out from
May to September 2022. The Virtual Regional Health Library and the
PubMed and SciELO Cuba databases were consulted.
Results: A total of 114 articles were recovered, of which 16 were
selected taking into account the inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Morphometric variables of the kidney were evaluated in 13 articles, and
renal function was evaluated in 7 of them. The articles reviewed deal with
research carried out under very varied experimental conditions. In most of
them, it has been demonstrated that LBW causes renal morphofunctional
changes.
Conclusions: The number of nephrons was found to be reduced.
The intensity of glomerular filtration was not found to be different for
the entire renal mass, but it was increased for the isolated nephron. Early
extrauterine nutrition is important. It is evident that the cause and nature
of the disturbance of the maternal-fetal environment must be taken into
account.
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