Risk factors for macrovascular complications in type 2 diabetic patients at diagnosis
Keywords:
type 2 diabetes mellitus, macrovascular complications, prognostic factors.Abstract
Introduction: Macrovascular complications increase morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients.
Objective: To determine risk factors for macrovascular complications in type 2 diabetic patients at diagnosis.
Method: An analytical case-control study was carried out. The population studied was the 136 patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus from the “José Martí Pérez” polyclinic in the province of Santiago de Cuba, during the period from September 2018 to December 2022. A sample of 120 patients who met the criteria for selection, distributed in 40 cases with macrovascular complications and 80 controls, were randomly selected from the population without complications. A bivariate statistical analysis was performed, calculating the cross-product ratio as an estimator of relative risk. The non-parametric Chi Square hypothesis test of independence was applied with a confidence level of 95%.
Results: Patients aged 60 years and older had a 5.7 times higher risk of macrovascular complications and hypertensive patients had a risk of 9.6. Hyperlipidemia was associated with complications (OR= 8.14) and was responsible for 87.7% of cases. The hemodynamic parameters that increase the risk of these complications were arterial stiffness (OR=20.5), ankle-brachial index, and carotid intima-media thickness.
Conclusions: The risk factors for macrovascular complications at the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes were age equal to or greater than 60 years, arterial hypertension, hyperlipidemia, arterial stiffness, ankle-brachial index, and thickness of the carotid intima media.
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