Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and associated risk factors among drivers of a transport cooperative
Keywords:
metabolic syndrome; cardiovascular disease; risk factors; obesity; high blood pressure; preventive strategiesAbstract
Introduction: The increasing prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in recent decades has become a public health problem worldwide due to the impact it has on both the quality of life of affected people and health systems. The main causes include a sedentary lifestyle, an unhealthy diet rich in saturated fats and sugars, and obesity.
Objective: To analyze the prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and associated risk factors in a transport cooperative.
Material and Methods: Non-experimental, retrospective, descriptive analytical, cross-sectional study from a secondary analysis of the results of the last annual occupational medical examination performed in March 2023 and recorded in the occupational medical records of the drivers of the “Patria” transport cooperative in the province of Chimborazo, Ecuador.
Results: The study showed a high prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in drivers, with 42.8% of participants affected according to the ATP III criteria. The highest proportion of MS cases was observed in those over 45 years of age (59.3%), with a significantly higher mean age (52.4 years) compared to those without the condition. In addition, the probability of MS diagnosis was three times higher in individuals over 45 years of age and up to four times higher in those with more than 10 years of work experience.
Conclusions: The results underline the need to implement health promotion strategies focused on increasing physical activity, promoting healthy eating and performing regular monitoring of metabolic parameters in this vulnerable population.
Downloads
References
1. Swarup S, Ahmed I, Grigorova Y, Zeltser R. Metabolic Syndrome [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 [citado 26/11/2024]. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459248/
2. Salma M, Mostafa S, Riham S, Hossni A, Shimaa E, Alaa B. Metabolic syndrome: risk factors, diagnosis, pathogenesis, and management with natural approaches. Food Chem Adv [Internet]. 2023 [citado 26/11/2024];3:100335. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.focha.2023.100335
3. Caballero B. Humans against obesity: who will win?. Adv Nutr [Internet]. 2019 [citado 26/11/2024];10(Suppl 1):S4-9. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmy055
4. Fahed G, Aoun L, Bou Zerdan M, Allam S, Bou Zerdan M, Bouferraa Y, et al. Metabolic syndrome: updates on pathophysiology and management in 2021. Int J Mol Sci [Internet]. 2022 [citado 26/11/2024];23(2):786. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23020786
5. Sharp GC, Alfano R, Ghantous A. Paternal body mass index and offspring DNA methylation: findings from the PACE consortium. Int J Epidemiol [Internet]. 2021 [citado 26/11/2024];50(4):1297-315. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyaa267
6. Föhr T, Hendrix A, Kankaanpää A. Metabolic syndrome and epigenetic aging: a twin study. Int J Obes (Lond) [Internet]. 2024 [citado 26/11/2024];48(6):778-87. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-024-01466-x
7. Phani NM, Vohra M, Rajesh S. Implications of critical PPARγ2, ADIPOQ and FTO gene polymorphisms in type 2 diabetes and obesity-mediated susceptibility to type 2 diabetes in an Indian population. Mol Genet Genomics [Internet]. 2016 [citado 26/11/2024];291(1):193-204. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00438-015-1097-4
8. Cho DH, Kim MN, Joo HJ, Shim WJ, Lim DS, Park SM. Visceral obesity, but not central obesity, is associated with cardiac remodeling in subjects with suspected metabolic syndrome. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis [Internet]. 2019 [citado 26/11/92024];29(4):360-6. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2019.01.007
9. Szypowska A, Zatońska K, Szuba A, Regulska-Ilow B. Dietary inflammatory index (DII)® and metabolic syndrome in the selected population of Polish adults: results of the PURE Poland sub-study. Int J Environ Res Public Health [Internet]. 2023 [citado 26/11/2024];20(2):1056. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021056
10. Cai Z, Huang Y, He B. New insights into adipose tissue macrophages in obesity and insulin resistance. Cells [Internet]. 2022 [citado 26/11/2024];11(9):1424. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11091424
11. van Namen M, Prendergast L, Peiris C. Supervised lifestyle intervention for people with metabolic syndrome improves outcomes and reduces individual risk factors of metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Metabolism [Internet]. 2019 [citado 26/11/2024];153988. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2019.153988
12. Cleven L, Krell-Roesch J, Schmidt SCE. Longitudinal association between physical activity and the risk of incident metabolic syndrome in middle-aged adults in Germany. Sci Rep [Internet]. 2022 [citado 26/11/2024];12(1):19424. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-24052-5
13. Monserrat Mesquida M, Quetglas Llabrés M, Capó X, Bouzas C, Mateos D, Pons A, et al. Metabolic syndrome is associated with oxidative stress and proinflammatory state. Antioxidants (Basel) [Internet]. 2020 [citado 26/11/2024];9(3):236. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9030236
14. Gangireddy VGR, Pilkerton C, Xiang J, Tinajero R, Ashcraft AM. Hepatic fibrosis and steatosis in metabolic syndrome. J Obes Metab Syndr [Internet]. 2022 [citado 26/11/2024];31(1):61. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.7570/jomes21062
15. Kim HJ, Kang DR, Kim JY, Kim W, Jeong YW, Chun KH, et al. Metabolic syndrome fact sheet 2024: executive report. Cardiometab Syndr J [Internet]. 2024 [citado 26/11/2024];4(2):70-80. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.51789/cmsj.2024.4.e14
16. Becchetti C, Ferrarese A, Zeni N, Russo FP, Senzolo M, Gambato M, et al. A prospective longitudinal assessment of de novo metabolic syndrome after liver transplantation. Clin Transplant [Internet]. 2022 [citado 26/11/2024];36(2):e14532. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1111/ctr.14532
17. Grundy SM, Cleeman JI, Merz CN, Brewer HB, Clark LT, Hunninghake DB, et al. Implications of recent clinical trials for the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004;44(3):720-32.
18. Nauli AM, Matin S. Why do men accumulate abdominal visceral fat?. Front Physiol [Internet]. 2019 [citado 26/11/2024];10:1486. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2019.01486
19. Wu PW, Lai YW, Chin YT, Tsai S, Yang TM, Lin WT, et al. Stability and transformation of metabolic syndrome in adolescents: a prospective assessment in relation to the change of cardiometabolic risk factors. Nutrients [Internet]. 2022 [citado 26/11/2024];14(4):744. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14040744
20. Hassan MMM, Abdelkreem MI, Mahmoud HEM, Mohammed AM. Cardiovascular risk factors and metabolic syndrome in patients with knee osteoarthritis. SVU Int J Med Sci [Internet]. 2022 [citado 26/11/2024];5(1):343-9. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.21608/SVUIJM.2022.118452.1269
21. Rus M, Crisan S, Andronie-Cioara FL, Indries M, Marian P, Pobirci OL, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of metabolic syndrome: a prospective study on cardiovascular health. Medicina (Kaunas) [Internet]. 2023 [citado 26/11/2024];59:1711. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59101711
22. Ramírez LX, Calero PA, Arias GJ, Quincos DC, Tipazoca LA, Monrroy AL. Síndrome metabólico en conductores de transporte intermunicipal de Tunja, Boyacá. Rev Cienc Salud [Internet]. 2019 [citado 26/11/2024];17(2):188-200. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.12804/revistas.urosario.edu.co/revsalud/a.7923
23. Ochoa DC. Incidencia de síndrome metabólico en trabajadores de la Cooperativa de Transportes Loja [tesis de pregrado]. Ecuador: Universidad Nacional de Loja; 2021 [citado 20/10/2024]. Disponible en: https://dspace.unl.edu.ec/jspui/handle/123456789/24428
24. Ross R, Neeland IJ, Yamashita S, Shai I, Seidell J, Magni P, et al. Waist circumference as a vital sign in clinical practice: a consensus statement from the IAS and ICCR Working Group on visceral obesity. Nat Rev Endocrinol [Internet]. 2020 [citado 26/11/2024];16:177-89. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41574-019-0310-7
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Revista Habanera de Ciencias Médicas
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
All the content of this magazine is in Open Access, distributed according to the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 License that allows non-commercial use, distribution and reproduction without restrictions in any medium, provided that the primary source is duly cited.
Download PDF
