Study of the risk of urinary lithiasis in a population of a Cuban province
Keywords:
Risk factors, urolithiasis., hypercalciuria, urinary tract, hyperuricemiaAbstract
Introduction: Urinary lithiasis is a common urinary tract disease, and understanding its risk factors is important.
Objective: To identify risk factors for urinary lithiasis in a specific population.
Material and Methods: A case-control study was carried out in the Provincial Hospital of Ciego de Avila from 2019 to 2023. The case study included 205 patients (with urinary lithiasis) from the southern region who met the selection criteria. The control group was composed of 415 patients (without lithiasis). The X2 test and cross-product ratio were used to estimate risk.
Results: There were age differences between groups (OR=1.8; CI: 1.3-2.5) and sex (OR=1.9; CI: 1.4-2.7). In the lithiasis group, 22.9% were obese; 89.8% came from urban areas (OR=2.5; CI: 1.5-4.2) and had low water intake (OR=15.3; CI: 10.1-23). The history of urinary lithiasis (OR=56.7; CI: 33.9-94.7), hypertension (OR=4.2; CI: 2.9-6.1) and diabetes (OR=2.4; CI: 1.3-4.5) showed differences between groups. Increased uric acid (OR=8.8; CI: 5.4-14.4), calcium (OR=11.3; CI: 6.2-20.5), phosphorus (OR=8.4; CI: 5.6-12.4) and glycemia (OR=3.6; CI: 2.0-6.3), as well as decreased magnesium (p=0.00) in blood were associated with lithiasis. In the urine of patients with lithiasis, significantly elevated levels of uric acid (18.5%), calcium (34.6 %), phosphorus (49.3 %) and decreased magnesium (26.8 %) were found compared to the control group
Conclusions: Age, female sex, obesity, urban origin, low water intake, history of lithiasis, hypercalciuria, hyperphosphaturia, hypomagnesuria and urinary tract infection were risk factors for urinary lithiasis in the population of southern Ciego de Ávila.
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