Cardiovascular risk factors in patients in vulnerable conditions
Keywords:
Protective factors, vulnerability factors, therapeutic adherence, quality of life, cardiovascular diseases.Abstract
Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases represent a group of pathologies that demand a considerable amount of resources in Primary Health Care.
Objective: Examine the relationship between protective factors (acceptance and resilience) and vulnerability factors (depression, anxiety, internalized anger and externalized anger).
Material and Methods: A descriptive, observational, cross-sectional study was conducted with the participation of 198 patients with cardiovascular conditions who were administered the following questionnaires: Acceptance subscale of the Illness Cognition Questionnaire (ICQ); Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC); Patient Health Questionnaire for Depression (PHQ-9); Anxiety subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS); Subscales of the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory; Physical Health and Mental Health subscales of the SF-36 Health Survey; Subscales of the ADHHTAe Self-Report Scale (developed from the MBG Questionnaire and the Morisky-Green-Levine Test).
Results: In terms of acceptance and resilience, it was found that acceptance was positively linked to greater treatment adherence, particularly notable in the group of female participants. On the other hand, resilience was established as a key protective factor in both groups, positively associated with better quality of life and negatively with vulnerability factors. Regarding vulnerability factors, it was highlighted that anxiety had a negative impact on treatment adherence in both genders, suggesting that this emotional variable could hinder therapeutic adherence.
Conclusions: A positive correlation was found between protective factors and quality of life, whereas a negative correlation was established with vulnerability factors in all patient groups; mental quality of life was especially highlighted.
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