Most frequent oral conditions in schoolchildren and influencing variables. Riobamba, Ecuador
Keywords:
Oral health of schoolchildren, oral hygiene, dental caries, oral hygiene habitsAbstract
Introduction: Oral health in childhood is crucial for comprehensive development, but conditions such as dental caries and gingivitis are common, affecting quality of life and school performance. This study analyzes the influence of oral hygiene and eating habits in schoolchildren in Riobamba, Ecuador, in a context of socioeconomic inequalities.
Objective: To determine the prevalence of oral conditions in schoolchildren and their relationship with oral hygiene and eating habits.
Material and Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out in 190 schoolchildren aged 5 to 11 years, randomly selected from two educational institutions in the Riobamba canton, between March and October 2023. The data were obtained through validated questionnaires and clinical dental examinations. The statistical analysis included Chi square tests to identify relationships between variables.
Results: The most prevalent conditions were dental caries (38.4%), tartar (20%), tooth discoloration (17.9%), gingivitis (15.3%), and halitosis (13.7%). In addition, 75% of children had inadequate brushing habits, and 93.7% of them frequently ate sweets. Higher rates of oral conditions were found in schoolchildren from public institutions, reflecting socioeconomic disparities.
Conclusions: The high prevalence of oral conditions demonstrates the need for preventive and educational interventions. It is essential to implement public policies to improve oral hygiene, regulate the consumption of cariogenic foods, and reduce inequalities in access to dental resources.
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