Risk factors associated with diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetic people
Keywords:
Diabetic retinopathy; prevalence; risk factors; diabetes; vision disordersAbstract
Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus has emerged as one of the most significant epidemics of the 21st century, affecting hundreds of millions of people worldwide.
Objective: To identify the main risk factors associated with diabetic retinopathy in patients with this condition at the Lizarzaburu Health Subcenter.
Material and Methods: An observational, case-control study was conducted between September 2023 and March 2024. A non-probability sample was selected from a population consisting of all type 2 diabetic patients over 18 years of age registered at the Lizarzaburu Health Subcenter, maintaining a 1:1 ratio between the case and control groups.
Results: The results showed that hypertension, an altered lipid profile, and a family history of Diabetes Mellitus are risk factors significantly associated with the development of diabetic retinopathy in these patients in Ecuador. Although factors such as obesity, alcohol consumption, and smoking did not show a significant association, their impact on the overall health of diabetic patients should not be underestimated.
Conclusions: Controlling hypertension, properly managing lipid profiles, considering family history, and a long-term follow-up of diabetes mellitus are essential elements for reducing the incidence and severity of diabetic retinopathy.
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