Predictors of mortality in Cuban pediatric patients with precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Authors

Keywords:

Precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, mortality, predictive factors

Abstract

Introduction: Precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia is the leading cause of death from malignancy in children.

Objective: To evaluate predictive factors for mortality in Cuban children with the disease.

Material and Methods: A retrospective, multicenter cohort study was conducted between January 2012 and December 2020 in 84 patients. Statistical analysis was performed using the Cox regression method, Kaplan-Meier curves, and the log-rank test.

Results: Five years after diagnosis, overall survival was 75.79 %, lower in male patients (62.15%; p=0.001); there was presence of high-risk cytogenetic and molecular biomarkers (25.09%; p=0.000) and unfavorable morphological response in peripheral blood at day 8 (50.17 %; p=0.022), 33 (12.2%; p=0.000) and with relapse (37.71%; p=0.000). The presence of high-risk biomarkers increased the relative risk (RR) of death by 5.655 times at five years after diagnosis (95% CI: 1.937-16.509; p=0.002). Hypodiploidy showed a negative effect, with a RR of 6.671 at five years (95% CI: 1.557–28.593; p = 0.011). Relapse increased the risk of mortality sixfold at five years (RR = 5.997, 95 % CI: 2.632–13.662; p = 0.000).

Conclusions: Male sex, high-risk cytogenetic and molecular abnormalities, morphological response at day 8 and 33 of induction therapy, and relapse are the factors associated with mortality in this study.

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Published

2025-10-02

How to Cite

1.
Barroso Sánchez G, Forrellat Barrios M, Lavaut Sánchez K. Predictors of mortality in Cuban pediatric patients with precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Rev haban cienc méd [Internet]. 2025 Oct. 2 [cited 2025 Oct. 7];24:e5979. Available from: https://revhabanera.sld.cu/index.php/rhab/article/view/5979

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Section

Clinical and pathological sciences