Aspectos clÃnicos y diagnóstico de laboratorio de la Vaginosis bacteriana
Resumen
Introducción: La Vaginosis bacteriana es un problema de salud pública por sus complicaciones gineco-obstétricas. Está presente en 25-35% de las pacientes que acuden a las consultas ginecológicas y aproximadamente en 50% de los casos asintomáticos. Objetivo: Actualizar sobre los aspectos clÃnicos y diagnóstico de laboratorio de la Vaginosis bacteriana. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica mediante las bases de datos electrónicas Medline, SciELO, Lilacs, Pubmed. Se recopilaron artÃculos de revisión o trabajos originales que hubieran sido publicados en los últimos 5 años con excepción de aquellos que por su importancia tuvieron que ser documentados independientemente de su fecha de publicación. Desarrollo: La Vaginosis bacteriana es una infección polimicrobiana caracterizada por un cambio en la flora vaginal, siendo reemplazada con bacterias anaerobias tipo G. vaginalisy especies de Prevotella, Bacteroides, Mobiluncus, entre otras. Es una patologÃa multifactorial y produce una amplia variedad de complicaciones gineco-obstétricas. El diagnóstico se realiza microscópicamente mediante los criterios de Amsel y la cuantificación de los morfotipos bacterianos, parámetros que permiten instaurar un tratamiento oportuno. Conclusiones: Es importante un diagnóstico acertado de la Vaginosis bacteriana para evitar complicaciones gineco-obstétricas o terapéuticas por una reacción adversa del medicamento empleado.
Palabras clave: Vaginosis bacteriana, Gardnerella vaginalis, criterios de Amsel,    parámetros de Nugent, aspectos clÃnicos, diagnóstico de laboratorio
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ABSTRACT
Introduction: Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a public health problem because its gynecology obstetric complications. It is present in 25-35% of patients attending gynecological consultations and approximately 50% of asymptomatic cases. Objective: An update about bacterial vaginosis was performed to document the historical background of this entity, etiology, risk factors, gynecological and obstetric complications, clinical manifestations, clinical diagnosis and treatment. In addition, suggestions to help reduce the risk factors involved in the acquisition of this infection are given. Materials and methods: The literature reviewed was performed using the electronic databases Medline, SciELO, Lilacs, Pubmed. Matching the keywords bacterial vaginosis, Amsel criteria, parameters Nugent and G. vaginalis were used. Review articles and original papers that have been published in the last five years with the exception of those whose importance had to be independently documented the date of publication were collected. Development: BV is a polymicrobial infection characterized by a change in vaginal flora, replaced with anaerobic bacteria and type G. vaginalis, Prevotella species, Bacteroides, Mobiluncus among others. It is a multifactorial disease and produces a wide variety of gynecological and obstetric complications. The diagnosis is made microscopically by Amsel criteria and quantification of bacterial morphotypes, establish parameters that allow early treatment. Conclusions: It is important to an accurate diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis to prevent obstetric or gynecological complications therapeutic adverse drug reaction employed.
Key words: Bacterial vaginosis, Gardnerellavaginalis, Amsel criteria, Nugent parameters, clinical aspects, laboratory diagnosis.
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