Evaluación preclínica de los efectos de la lecitina de soya sobre la composición corporal

Leidys Cala Calviño, Sandra María Casas Gross, Rafael Rodríguez Casero, Humberto Joaquin Morris Quevedo

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Introducción: La lecitina de soya se ha convertido en un suplemento dietético de los más utilizados con potencialidades para tratar la obesidad.

Objetivo: Determinar el efecto de la lecitina de soya sobre la composición corporal.

Material y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de farmacología preclínica experimental en el Laboratorio de Anticuerpos y Biomodelos Experimentales (Labex-cim) y el Laboratorio de Ciencias Básicas de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Santiago de Cuba, en 2019. Se administró lecitina de soja por 30 días, en dosis consideradas como máximas y mínimas a dos grupos experimentales de ratas Wistar, para ser comparados con grupo control que recibió alimentación habitual. Se estimaron variables bioeléctricas e indicadores de masa grasa estableciendo diferencias entre los grupos experimentales mediante la Prueba de Kruskal-Wallis de muestras independientes y considerando el nivel de significación menor del 5 %.

Resultados: El agua corporal total, la masa libre de grasa, el agua extracelular y la grasa corporal total se modificaron de manera significativa en comparación con el control y entre grupos, así como existieron variaciones en el peso de la grasa en los compartimentos principales, incrementándose en el grupo suplementado a dosis mínima y reduciendo en el grupo que recibió dosis máxima del producto. El ángulo de fase mostró reducción en ambos grupos experimentales.

Conclusiones: La lecitina de soya, dependiendo de la dosis, modifica la composición corporal en ratas siendo el ángulo de fase un parámetro apreciable para la evaluación nutricional.

Palabras clave

composición corporal, lecitina de soya, bioimpedancia eléctrica, experimentación preclínica.

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